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	<title>Comments on: Bank Nationalization: A Viewer&#8217;s Guide</title>
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	<description>What happened to the global economy and what we can do about it</description>
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		<title>By: Links 10/03/2009 &#171; Bounded Rationality</title>
		<link>http://baselinescenario.com/2009/02/21/bank-nationalization-a-viewers-guide/#comment-6012</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Links 10/03/2009 &#171; Bounded Rationality]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2009 12:34:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://baselinescenario.com/?p=2649#comment-6012</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[...] Bank Nationalization: A Viewer&#8217;s Guide [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Bank Nationalization: A Viewer&#8217;s Guide [...]</p>
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		<title>By: George Claflen</title>
		<link>http://baselinescenario.com/2009/02/21/bank-nationalization-a-viewers-guide/#comment-4990</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[George Claflen]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Feb 2009 18:02:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://baselinescenario.com/?p=2649#comment-4990</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I am new to this Blog and looking forward to absorbing what you have put up. I am a MIT Graduate (B. Arch. 69) with some urban and housing economics taken in the MCP program at Penn. 

In that regard I became familiar with the insurance strategy that was used quite effectively in the housing market for many years to create assets capable of being bought and sold because their value was insured. Can someone comment on why the insurance approach has not been proposed in the current crisis? See my comment on it below to Bill Grigsby -- housing economist in late September. Thanks to anyone who cares to respond. 

From G. Claflen to W. G. Grigsby in September:
 
Here&#039;s a question regarding the bailout proposals that are floating around.
 
Why not an insurance approach rather than an investment approach?
 
The federal government seems to have a better record as insurer of last resort than as investor of last resort. HUD insurance seemed to work fairly well. 
 
Here is the idea. -- the Federal Government would capitalize and set up an insurance function (or since we just bought AIG maybe they could do it). Insurance would be optional. The trashy assets would remain in the hands of their ill-advised owners. If these owners wanted to enhance their assets, they could buy insurance which would cover the gap in value between what they are worth and what they want them to be worth. Initially the insurance premiums might have to be below the proper level for the true risk, but that could work out over time if the assets gradually increased in value. If the insurance premiums were set adequately to generate some income in this entity, some or all of the surplus could be used to buy impaired assets which would create a market for them and gradually increase their value which would have the effect of reducing the need for the insurance.  Would this make any sense?
 
End of comments from G. Claflen to W. G. Grigsby]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I am new to this Blog and looking forward to absorbing what you have put up. I am a MIT Graduate (B. Arch. 69) with some urban and housing economics taken in the MCP program at Penn. </p>
<p>In that regard I became familiar with the insurance strategy that was used quite effectively in the housing market for many years to create assets capable of being bought and sold because their value was insured. Can someone comment on why the insurance approach has not been proposed in the current crisis? See my comment on it below to Bill Grigsby &#8212; housing economist in late September. Thanks to anyone who cares to respond. </p>
<p>From G. Claflen to W. G. Grigsby in September:</p>
<p>Here&#8217;s a question regarding the bailout proposals that are floating around.</p>
<p>Why not an insurance approach rather than an investment approach?</p>
<p>The federal government seems to have a better record as insurer of last resort than as investor of last resort. HUD insurance seemed to work fairly well. </p>
<p>Here is the idea. &#8212; the Federal Government would capitalize and set up an insurance function (or since we just bought AIG maybe they could do it). Insurance would be optional. The trashy assets would remain in the hands of their ill-advised owners. If these owners wanted to enhance their assets, they could buy insurance which would cover the gap in value between what they are worth and what they want them to be worth. Initially the insurance premiums might have to be below the proper level for the true risk, but that could work out over time if the assets gradually increased in value. If the insurance premiums were set adequately to generate some income in this entity, some or all of the surplus could be used to buy impaired assets which would create a market for them and gradually increase their value which would have the effect of reducing the need for the insurance.  Would this make any sense?</p>
<p>End of comments from G. Claflen to W. G. Grigsby</p>
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		<title>By: Reflections on Garden World Politics Douglass Carmichael &#187; Blog Archive</title>
		<link>http://baselinescenario.com/2009/02/21/bank-nationalization-a-viewers-guide/#comment-4757</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Reflections on Garden World Politics Douglass Carmichael &#187; Blog Archive]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Feb 2009 19:04:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://baselinescenario.com/?p=2649#comment-4757</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[...] On bank nationalization [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] On bank nationalization [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Jim Pivonka</title>
		<link>http://baselinescenario.com/2009/02/21/bank-nationalization-a-viewers-guide/#comment-4711</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Jim Pivonka]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Feb 2009 08:34:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://baselinescenario.com/?p=2649#comment-4711</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[RE: My ill formed proposal at comment Jim Pivonka - 22 Feb 09 at 4:15 pm. Fortunately much finer minds than mine have anticipated my suggestion in much better form. The results are at:
http://woodwardhall.wordpress.com/2009/02/23/the-right-way-to-create-a-good-bank-and-a-bad-bank/

The results of the procedure they outline are that:
&quot;The adoption of the proposed good- and bad-bank separation would result in capital losses for the shareholders and bondholders, because the new policy would eliminate the benefit that they might receive from further bailout money from the government. The potential reorganization of the bad bank made necessary by future insolvency would not create any kind of financial emergency, so there would be no reason for the government to bail out the bad bank. There is no reason not to inflict the capital losses on the shareholders and bondholders, as they represent the capitalization of possible bad policies and are unrelated to the assets that the shareholders and bondholders actually own.&quot;

I like it. It relieves the taxpayer of further obligation, and places risk associated with the questionable assets where it belongs.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>RE: My ill formed proposal at comment Jim Pivonka &#8211; 22 Feb 09 at 4:15 pm. Fortunately much finer minds than mine have anticipated my suggestion in much better form. The results are at:<br />
<a href="http://woodwardhall.wordpress.com/2009/02/23/the-right-way-to-create-a-good-bank-and-a-bad-bank/" rel="nofollow">http://woodwardhall.wordpress.com/2009/02/23/the-right-way-to-create-a-good-bank-and-a-bad-bank/</a></p>
<p>The results of the procedure they outline are that:<br />
&#8220;The adoption of the proposed good- and bad-bank separation would result in capital losses for the shareholders and bondholders, because the new policy would eliminate the benefit that they might receive from further bailout money from the government. The potential reorganization of the bad bank made necessary by future insolvency would not create any kind of financial emergency, so there would be no reason for the government to bail out the bad bank. There is no reason not to inflict the capital losses on the shareholders and bondholders, as they represent the capitalization of possible bad policies and are unrelated to the assets that the shareholders and bondholders actually own.&#8221;</p>
<p>I like it. It relieves the taxpayer of further obligation, and places risk associated with the questionable assets where it belongs.</p>
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		<title>By: Billy Jones</title>
		<link>http://baselinescenario.com/2009/02/21/bank-nationalization-a-viewers-guide/#comment-4688</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Billy Jones]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Feb 2009 01:40:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://baselinescenario.com/?p=2649#comment-4688</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[just heard greenspan say that we will be back in this predicament some time in the future.....he doesn&#039;t know when but said that human nature will always be fueled by greed....it sent chills up my spine...soooo true....human behavior will not change but can be manipulated to forge ahead....]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>just heard greenspan say that we will be back in this predicament some time in the future&#8230;..he doesn&#8217;t know when but said that human nature will always be fueled by greed&#8230;.it sent chills up my spine&#8230;soooo true&#8230;.human behavior will not change but can be manipulated to forge ahead&#8230;.</p>
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		<title>By: just a worker</title>
		<link>http://baselinescenario.com/2009/02/21/bank-nationalization-a-viewers-guide/#comment-4664</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[just a worker]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2009 18:51:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://baselinescenario.com/?p=2649#comment-4664</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Human behaviour has not changed.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Human behaviour has not changed.</p>
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		<title>By: bmeisen</title>
		<link>http://baselinescenario.com/2009/02/21/bank-nationalization-a-viewers-guide/#comment-4649</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[bmeisen]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2009 09:12:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://baselinescenario.com/?p=2649#comment-4649</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Thanks PB. If MIT&#039;s faculty is worthless then why should a student leverage up $50,000/yr to attend? Answer: she shouldn&#039;t! Nationalize higher education along with the banks! Give your children&#039;s grandchildren the opportunities they deserve.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks PB. If MIT&#8217;s faculty is worthless then why should a student leverage up $50,000/yr to attend? Answer: she shouldn&#8217;t! Nationalize higher education along with the banks! Give your children&#8217;s grandchildren the opportunities they deserve.</p>
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		<title>By: HSG at MIT</title>
		<link>http://baselinescenario.com/2009/02/21/bank-nationalization-a-viewers-guide/#comment-4641</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[HSG at MIT]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2009 05:02:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://baselinescenario.com/?p=2649#comment-4641</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[PB...I do not think that is a fair assessment of Prof. J or any of the course XV profs. I&#039;d venture a guess that getting people interested and educated on the crisis is a VERY important task...and if that requires a little bit of ranting--so be it.  People are engaged.  Students at the Institute are engaged...and guess what?  We&#039;ve heard the call to action and are rolling up our sleeves...to do something about it!  Join us.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>PB&#8230;I do not think that is a fair assessment of Prof. J or any of the course XV profs. I&#8217;d venture a guess that getting people interested and educated on the crisis is a VERY important task&#8230;and if that requires a little bit of ranting&#8211;so be it.  People are engaged.  Students at the Institute are engaged&#8230;and guess what?  We&#8217;ve heard the call to action and are rolling up our sleeves&#8230;to do something about it!  Join us.</p>
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		<title>By: Austin Mike</title>
		<link>http://baselinescenario.com/2009/02/21/bank-nationalization-a-viewers-guide/#comment-4635</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Austin Mike]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2009 02:59:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://baselinescenario.com/?p=2649#comment-4635</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Great post, Observer.  Why does the government need to run &quot;stress tests&quot;?  B of A and C have Tangible Common Equity (Texas) ratios of  &lt;2 and Market Cap/Total Asset ratios of &lt;1%.  Wall Street has already written them off.  The Obama administration&#039;s handling of these two banks will define whether it is truly committed to &#039;change&#039;, or if it&#039;s business as usual.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Great post, Observer.  Why does the government need to run &#8220;stress tests&#8221;?  B of A and C have Tangible Common Equity (Texas) ratios of  &lt;2 and Market Cap/Total Asset ratios of &lt;1%.  Wall Street has already written them off.  The Obama administration&#8217;s handling of these two banks will define whether it is truly committed to &#8216;change&#8217;, or if it&#8217;s business as usual.</p>
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		<title>By: Observer</title>
		<link>http://baselinescenario.com/2009/02/21/bank-nationalization-a-viewers-guide/#comment-4630</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Observer]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2009 01:47:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://baselinescenario.com/?p=2649#comment-4630</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Does the government know enough about banking to conduct an adequate &quot;stress test&quot;?  Recent news indicates that investigators on the Madoff scandal found that Madoff never invested any of the $50 billion over the decade plus that he ran his Ponzi scheme.  If the SEC can&#039;t even determine if an investment business is making investments, why should I have any confidence that the federal government is competent enough to conduct a valid stress test of large banks?  I seriously doubt that the government has intelligent and sophisticated enough regulators to conduct an effective stress test of the major financial institutions they are bailing out.  It seems that one of the conclusions of the melt down must be that the government is either too incompetent to regulate large, financial businesses or too partial due to political contributions, conflicts of interest and/or out-right personal relationships with financial executives to effectively regulate their activity.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Does the government know enough about banking to conduct an adequate &#8220;stress test&#8221;?  Recent news indicates that investigators on the Madoff scandal found that Madoff never invested any of the $50 billion over the decade plus that he ran his Ponzi scheme.  If the SEC can&#8217;t even determine if an investment business is making investments, why should I have any confidence that the federal government is competent enough to conduct a valid stress test of large banks?  I seriously doubt that the government has intelligent and sophisticated enough regulators to conduct an effective stress test of the major financial institutions they are bailing out.  It seems that one of the conclusions of the melt down must be that the government is either too incompetent to regulate large, financial businesses or too partial due to political contributions, conflicts of interest and/or out-right personal relationships with financial executives to effectively regulate their activity.</p>
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		<title>By: billmon</title>
		<link>http://baselinescenario.com/2009/02/21/bank-nationalization-a-viewers-guide/#comment-4629</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[billmon]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2009 01:41:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://baselinescenario.com/?p=2649#comment-4629</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&quot;It is hard to focus the world (and Congress) on forestalling Financial Armageddon when your crack modellers publicly predict something close to a V-shaped recovery near the end of the forecast horizon.&quot;

They are in a trap: If they forecsat an &quot;L&quot; shaped recession (i.e. the most probable outcome), they could make it more likely that their forecast will come true. Plus they&#039;ll get politically hammered for excess negativity.

Forecasts aren&#039;t just forecasts, especially when the Fed does it. Then they&#039;re policy statements.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;It is hard to focus the world (and Congress) on forestalling Financial Armageddon when your crack modellers publicly predict something close to a V-shaped recovery near the end of the forecast horizon.&#8221;</p>
<p>They are in a trap: If they forecsat an &#8220;L&#8221; shaped recession (i.e. the most probable outcome), they could make it more likely that their forecast will come true. Plus they&#8217;ll get politically hammered for excess negativity.</p>
<p>Forecasts aren&#8217;t just forecasts, especially when the Fed does it. Then they&#8217;re policy statements.</p>
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		<title>By: PB</title>
		<link>http://baselinescenario.com/2009/02/21/bank-nationalization-a-viewers-guide/#comment-4628</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PB]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2009 01:36:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://baselinescenario.com/?p=2649#comment-4628</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There was a time when the expertise of MIT faculty was sought and trusted by our nation’s leaders during times of national stress.  These MIT leaders rolled up their sleeves and dove into the problem along with government experts and often a solution was framed, trusted and followed.  Now our Sloan professors rant and blog and throw stones from the sidelines.  What a great downfall for an Institute with an illustrious past.  I’m a Course XVI grad from the 1960’s.  I hardly recognize my Institute.  If you are not actually in the “game” then your points are no more than brownian motion.

pfiskeb]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There was a time when the expertise of MIT faculty was sought and trusted by our nation’s leaders during times of national stress.  These MIT leaders rolled up their sleeves and dove into the problem along with government experts and often a solution was framed, trusted and followed.  Now our Sloan professors rant and blog and throw stones from the sidelines.  What a great downfall for an Institute with an illustrious past.  I’m a Course XVI grad from the 1960’s.  I hardly recognize my Institute.  If you are not actually in the “game” then your points are no more than brownian motion.</p>
<p>pfiskeb</p>
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		<title>By: Top Posts &#171; WordPress.com</title>
		<link>http://baselinescenario.com/2009/02/21/bank-nationalization-a-viewers-guide/#comment-4623</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Top Posts &#171; WordPress.com]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Feb 2009 00:30:53 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[[...]  Bank Nationalization: A Viewer&#8217;s Guide At the end of last week, Senators Dodd and Schumer signalled that financial elite solidarity has broken; [...] [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...]  Bank Nationalization: A Viewer&#8217;s Guide At the end of last week, Senators Dodd and Schumer signalled that financial elite solidarity has broken; [...] [...]</p>
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		<title>By: PurreGuesswork</title>
		<link>http://baselinescenario.com/2009/02/21/bank-nationalization-a-viewers-guide/#comment-4618</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PurreGuesswork]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Feb 2009 23:00:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://baselinescenario.com/?p=2649#comment-4618</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Wow.  A great summary that actually seems to touch the reality of the situation. Kudos.  To coin an interwebism, &quot;Messy situation is messy.&quot;  While I agree that Geithner&#039;s first moves were not first rate, what strikes me most is the fevered expectations that preceded them.  Exactly what was it the market thought he would say or do which would magically make it seem like a good idea to be holding (or even buying!) bank stocks?]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Wow.  A great summary that actually seems to touch the reality of the situation. Kudos.  To coin an interwebism, &#8220;Messy situation is messy.&#8221;  While I agree that Geithner&#8217;s first moves were not first rate, what strikes me most is the fevered expectations that preceded them.  Exactly what was it the market thought he would say or do which would magically make it seem like a good idea to be holding (or even buying!) bank stocks?</p>
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		<title>By: bmeisen</title>
		<link>http://baselinescenario.com/2009/02/21/bank-nationalization-a-viewers-guide/#comment-4613</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[bmeisen]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Feb 2009 21:42:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://baselinescenario.com/?p=2649#comment-4613</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Nationalization-Lite. That&#039;s what I expect from Geithner and Obama. For nationalization to lead to true deleveraging then there must be a re-structuring of American culture including how we create and use shelter, how we finance education, how we shop. They can&#039;t go that far. Instead they&#039;ll try to keep the Ownership Society propped up like Potemkin&#039;s villages. The reality that instead of a society of owners we have a mass of debtors, peons struggling under mortgages, credit-card debt, hospital bills and student loans, will be hushed up and Walmart will continue to show profit.

Imagine a first world country that recognizes the notion of 100% home ownership as a delusion. A country that vigorously defends the rights of tenants. A country in which national banks compete in the retail banking market, providing solutions that successfully underprice the credit-card industry. A country where the notion of carrying several thousand dollars of debt on your credit card is unheard of. A country that provides a national health system and free higher education. 

You are imagining a deleveraged society. There are several of them in Northern and Central Europe.

Thanks somit for the Crisis of Credit link. It would be better if it addressed the regulatory background, for example the reduction in capital requirements.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nationalization-Lite. That&#8217;s what I expect from Geithner and Obama. For nationalization to lead to true deleveraging then there must be a re-structuring of American culture including how we create and use shelter, how we finance education, how we shop. They can&#8217;t go that far. Instead they&#8217;ll try to keep the Ownership Society propped up like Potemkin&#8217;s villages. The reality that instead of a society of owners we have a mass of debtors, peons struggling under mortgages, credit-card debt, hospital bills and student loans, will be hushed up and Walmart will continue to show profit.</p>
<p>Imagine a first world country that recognizes the notion of 100% home ownership as a delusion. A country that vigorously defends the rights of tenants. A country in which national banks compete in the retail banking market, providing solutions that successfully underprice the credit-card industry. A country where the notion of carrying several thousand dollars of debt on your credit card is unheard of. A country that provides a national health system and free higher education. </p>
<p>You are imagining a deleveraged society. There are several of them in Northern and Central Europe.</p>
<p>Thanks somit for the Crisis of Credit link. It would be better if it addressed the regulatory background, for example the reduction in capital requirements.</p>
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